Eqinisweni, abantu bebelokhu bezama ukuhlola ezinye izindlela ezinhle nezinto zokwakha ukulungisa nokwenza ezinye izici ezivamile zamatshe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi kanye nomthelela wetshe. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizeni okukhulu nasekusetshenzisweni kwamatshe namuhla, njengokuphishekela abantu ubuhle.
Yiqiniso, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubuhle bomuntu noma ukulungiswa kweziphambeko zamatshe, akuhlukaniseki esizukulwaneni nasekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe obusha nezinto ezintsha.
Kuphela ngokuveza okudala nokuveza okusha, nokusebenzisa ngesikhathi esifanele ezinye izinto ezintsha zesayensi nezinengqondo, lapho umphumela wokulungiswa kwamatshe ungaba ophelele kakhulu, futhi lo mphumela awukwazi ukulinganiselwa kusixhumanisi sefekthri, kodwa futhi kufanele ugcinwe ekufakeni nasekusebenziseni izixhumanisi ukuze kwandiswe izinzuzo ezibanzi.
Ingxenye.1 Ukukhiya
Ukugcotshwa kwendawo yebhodi lamatshe kungenye yezinhlelo zokusebenza zakuqala, izindleko eziphansi, kanye nendlela evame ukusetshenziswa kwabanye abakhiqizi bamatshe ukuze bathole imiphumela engcono kakhulu yokucwebezela kanye nebhodi. Ingakwazi ukuvala imifantu emincane endaweni yebhodi futhi ikhulise ukucwebezela nombala wetshe.
Kodwa-ke, le ndlela nezinto ezibonakalayo azikwazi ukuxazulula inkinga ngokuyisisekelo, futhi umphumela awuhlali isikhathi eside.
Uma ibhodi eline-wax lisetshenziswa ngaphandle, lizodalula ukubukeka kwalo kwasekuqaleni ngesikhathi esifushane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, itshe le-wax aliphefumuli ngoba i-wax ivimbela ama-pores etshe, okuvame ukuholela ezilonda zamatshe futhi kwenza ukwelashwa kokuvikela amatshe kube nzima. I-wax iphinde imunce uthuli, okwenza ingaphezulu letshe elihlanziwe lingcole kalula.
Ingxenye.2 Ama-resin angagcwele asetshenziselwa ukulungisa nokuthuthukisa amatshe
Amanye amatshe anemifantu yemvelo kanye nezimbobo, okwenza umphumela ongaphezulu webhodi ube mubi futhi izinga lokuphuka liphezulu ngesikhathi sokucubungula nokufakwa, ikakhulukazi amatshe kanye namanye amabhodi amakhulu. Ngakho-ke, abantu bethula ama-resin angasetshenzisiwe ekulungiseni nasekuthuthukisweni kwamatshe.
Igama lesayensi le-resin engenalutho esikhuluma ngayo i-unsaturated polyester resin. Lapho inhlanganisela ye-polymer ewumugqa eyakhiwe ukujiya kwe-dibasic acid egcwele noma engagcwalisiwe kanye ne-saturated noma i-unsaturated diol ichithwa ku-monomer (imvamisa i-styrene) ukuze ibe uketshezi olubonakalayo, siyibiza ngokuthi i-polyester resin engagcwele.
I-polyester resin engenalutho iyinhlaka ye-thermosetting engelapheka ibe i-polymer yenethiwekhi yamangqamuzana aphezulu ngaphansi kwesenzo sokushisa noma isiqalisi. Isetshenziswa ekulungiseni nasekuthuthukisweni kwetshe ngokusekelwe ezicini ezilandelayo: isivinini sokuqiniswa okusheshayo; i-viscosity ephansi, kulula ukuyisebenzisa nokusebenza; umbala okhanyayo, ukukhanya okuhle; ubulukhuni be-colloid obuphezulu, ukupholisha okuhle; ukulungiswa okulula, izindleko eziphansi.
1) I-resin engagcwalisiwe yokulungiswa kwendawo yamatshe
I-resin engasetshenzisiwe ihlanjululwe ku-viscosity efanelekile, noma izingulube ezifanele kanye nama-powder fillers ayengezwa ukulungisa izimbobo nokuqhekeka endaweni yetshe. Ngalesi sikhathi, siyibiza ngokuthi i-stone surface glue. Le glue engaphezulu isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukulungisa imifantu kanye nokukhubazeka ebusweni be-marble slabs ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwefekthri kanye nokugcwalisa izimbobo ku-travertine. Uma usebenzisa, yonke ingaphezulu yebhodi ingaklwejwa ngeglu noma ilungiswe kancane ngokuya ngokukhubazeka kwebhodi, bese ibekwa ngokwemvelo ukuze kuqiniswe i-colloid bese ipholishwa noma ishisiswe ngomshini ukwenza i-colloid iqine ngokushesha bese ipholishwa.
Ngokusekelwe kulawa maphuzu angenhla, abantu baye basebenzisa i-resin engasetshenziswanga ukuze kulungiswe amatshe isikhathi eside futhi bathole imiphumela egculisayo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokushiyeka kwe-resin unsaturated ngokwayo, inobuthakathaka obuthile obungokwenyama njengento yokulungisa amatshe: amandla angalungile okunamathela we-colloid; i-brittleness ephezulu ye-colloid; izinga eliphezulu lokuncipha kwe-colloid; ukumelana kabi nomswakama nokushisa.
Ukubonakaliswa okuqondile etsheni yilezi: imifantu endaweni ye-slab yamatshe egcwele futhi eboshwe iyophuka lapho iphoqelelwa; i-colloid esetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa izoncipha ngemva kokuhlanganiswa nokugaya; i-colloid kanye nokuhlangana kwetshe kuzoshwabana futhi kuqhekeke. Ngakho-ke, abantu bayaqhubeka nokuhlola ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izinto ze-resin ngokusebenza okuphelele kakhulu ukulungisa amatshe.
2) I-resin engasetshenzisiwe yokuqinisa amatshe
Amanye amatshe anothe ngokuqhekeka futhi axegayo (ikakhulukazi imabula), ikakhulukazi amapuleti angamasayizi amakhulu, ajwayele ukuphuka kanye nokulimala ngesikhathi sokucubungula, ukuthuthwa nokufakwa, ngakho-ke abantu basebenzisa i-resin engagcwalisiwe ukuze kuqiniswe amatshe. Ukufaka i-glue nenethi elisekelayo ngemuva kwetshe kuyindlela evamile esetshenziswa ezinye izimboni zamatshe ukuvimbela itshe ukuba lingabhodloki futhi lilimale. Uma usebenzisa, i-resin engenalutho ihlelwe ibe yi-viscosity efanelekile, bese isetshenziswa kuwo wonke umhlane wetshe, noma ungqimba lwe-fiber net lunamathiselwe kuyo ukuze kuzuzwe inhloso yokuqinisa nokusekela. Ngalesi sikhathi, sibiza futhi le resin engagcwalisiwe njengeglue esekela itshe.
Okunye ukungalungi kwe-resin engafakwanga kuyenza ibe nezinkinga njengeglue esekela itshe:
Le glue esekelayo isetshenziswa kuphela ebusweni betshe ngaphandle komphumela wokungena, futhi ngeke iqinise ingqikithi yetshe; futhi ayifaneleki ukwelashwa kwamanye amatshe aphansi futhi aphuka kalula lapho ekhiqiza amapuleti amancane; ungqimba olunamathelayo lunokunamathela okubi etsheni, futhi ipuleti lonakaliswa ngemva kokucwecwa; ungqimba lwe-adhesive lunokunamathela okungalungile kwetshe kanye nokumelana nomswakama ompofu. Endabeni yokubeka itshe elimanzi, ungqimba olunamathelayo kufanele ludatshulwe, ngaphandle kwalokho luzobangela ukugoba kwetshe.
Ukuhlaziya ngokucophelela lezi zinkinga, akunzima ukubona ukuthi amapuleti aphathwa ngale nto yokuqinisa adlala indima ethile kuphela esigabeni sefekthri. Ngesikhathi sokufakwa, uma lolu ngqimba lweglue lunqanyuliwe, izinga lokuphuka kwamapuleti lisephezulu kakhulu.
3) I-Marble glue
Lapho uxoxa nge-resin engagcwele njenge-a ukulungiswa kwamatshe impahla, asikwazi ukungayinaki iglue yemabula, ngoba le nto evamile yokulungisa amatshe emakethe iphinde ilungiswe nge-resin engasetshenziswanga. Ngaphezu kokushiyeka kwe-resin engagcwalisiwe, le ngcina yemabula inenani elikhulu lezinyibilikisi kanye nezihlungi ezingezwe ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, futhi ukungahleliwe kokwengezwa kwe-ejenti elaphayo kwenza izinga layo lokuhlanganisa namandla okubopha kube kubi nakakhulu. Okubi nakakhulu ukuthi ibuye isetshenziswe abanye abantu ukugxilisa ama-pendants lapho kufakwa izindonga zamakhethini zamatshe. Yiqiniso, isizathu sokuthi kungani iheha abantu ukuthi bayisebenzise akulula nje ukuyisebenzisa, kodwa futhi ishibhile.
Ingxenye.3 I-epoxy resin esetshenziselwa ukulungisa amatshe nokuqinisa
Uma kubhekwa ukushiyeka kwe-resin unsaturated, inezinkinga eziningi njengento yokulungisa amatshe, okwenza abantu bafune ezinye izinto zokwenza ukulungiswa kwamatshe kanye nomphumela wokuqinisa uphelele. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwe ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-epoxy resin kanye nekhwalithi, kanye nokusungulwa okusha okuqhubekayo kwezinto zokuphulukisa, sekuyinto engokwesayensi futhi ephelele yokulungiswa kwamatshe nokuqinisa.
I-epoxy resin ibhekisela kwinhlanganisela ye-polymer ephilayo equkethe amaqembu amabili noma ngaphezulu e-epoxy ku-molecule, evame ukucutshungulwa ibe yi-resin ewuketshezi ukuze isetshenziswe. Ngenxa yokuthi ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana kuqukethe amaqembu e-epoxy asebenzayo, angasabela ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-ejenti okwelapha ukuze akhe i-polymer enesakhiwo senethiwekhi esinezinhlangothi ezintathu. Isetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kwamatshe nokuqinisa ngokusekelwe ezicini ezilandelayo: izakhiwo ezinhle zomzimba, amandla okubopha okuphezulu; ukuncipha kokwelapha kwe-colloid; ukulawula okukhulu kwesikhathi sokuphulukisa, kungelashwa ekamelweni lokushisa noma izinga lokushisa eliphezulu; isisindo samangqamuzana esifanele, i-viscosity eguquguqukayo, ukumanzisa okuhle kanye nokuqina; ukuncipha okuphansi uma i-colloid ilashwa.
1) I-Epoxy resin yokulungisa ubuso betshe
Khetha i-epoxy resin efanelekile kanye ne-ejenti yokwelapha, noma wengeze ama-pigments nama-filler ku-epoxy resin kusengaphambili, futhi uwaxube ngendlela yezingxenye ze-A no-B ngesilinganiso esithile sokulungisa izimbobo nokuqhekeka endaweni yetshe, ngakho-ke ingabizwa nangokuthi i-stone surface glue. Imvamisa, lolu hlobo lweglue olungaphezulu lubuye lusetshenziselwe ikakhulukazi ukulungisa imifantu ebusweni begwadle ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwefekthri, ukulungisa imifantu namaphutha ebusweni bama-slabs emabula, nokugcwalisa izimbobo ku-travertine. Uma usebenzisa, yonke ingaphezulu yebhodi ingaklwejwa ngeglu noma ilungiswe kancane ngokuya ngokukhubazeka kwebhodi, bese ibekwa ngokwemvelo ukuze kuqiniswe i-colloid bese ipholishwa noma ishisiswe ngomshini ukwenza i-colloid iqine ngokushesha bese ipholishwa.
I-epoxy resin inezinzuzo eziningi njengeglue engaphezulu kwetshe kune-resin engagcwele; inamandla okubopha okuphezulu futhi ingxenye yokubopha akulula ukuqhekeka; inokungena kahle futhi ingangena emifantwini ukuze wenze ukubopha; izinga le-colloid shrinkage liphansi, futhi ubuso beglue ngeke bucwiliswe ngemva kokupholisha; ingalungisa imifantu emincane evamile ku-granite. I-epoxy resin ithatha indawo ye-resin engagcwalisiwe njengento yokulungisa amatshe ngokuthambekela okwandayo.
2) I-epoxy resin isetshenziselwa ukuqinisa amatshe
Njengoba i-epoxy resin inamandla okubopha okuhle, ukuqina nokumelana nomswakama, ingasetshenziswa futhi njengento efanelekile yokuqinisa amatshe ukuze kukhuhlwe ngemuva kwetshe ukuvimbela itshe ukuthi lingaphuki futhi liphuke. I-epoxy resin isetshenziswa njengeglue esekela itshe, enezinzuzo ezilandelayo uma kuqhathaniswa ne-unsaturated resin esekela i-glue: i-colloid inokungena okuthile futhi ingangena emifantwini ukuze kuhlanganiswe futhi kulungiswe; i-colloid inamandla amahle kakhulu okubopha ngetshe letshe, futhi ungqimba lweglue kanye nenetha elisekelayo ngeke likhiphe; ngoba amandla okubopha phakathi kwesendlalelo seglue kanye nebhodi aphezulu, i-glue esekelayo kanye nenetha elisekelayo akudingeki ukuba likhishwe ngesikhathi sokuhamba, futhi izinga lokuphuka kwebhodi liyancipha.
Kodwa-ke, nakuba i-epoxy resin inezinzuzo eziningi njengento yokulungisa amatshe, isenawo amaphutha athile: isikhathi sokuphulukisa se-colloid side kakhulu; isilinganiso seqembu le-AB siqinile uma kuqhathaniswa; imishini yokomisa ekhona idinga ukuguqulwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza komugqa wokuhlanganisa, ngoba imigqa eminingi yokulungisa iglue yangaphambili yaklanywa ngokuvumelana ne-resin unsaturated; izindleko zokusetshenziswa ziphakeme kunalezo ze-resin engagcwele. Ukuphendula lezi zinkinga, abakhiqizi bethu bezinto ezibonakalayo bahlola futhi ngenkuthalo ukuxazulula ukuphikisana okuthile phakathi kwesikhathi sokuphulukisa kanye nomphumela wokusetshenziswa kwe-epoxy resin. Amanye amafekthri abuye aguqula imishini yawo ukuze ivumelane nokusetshenziswa kwezinga elikhulu kwe-epoxy resin.
Naphezu kwalokhu, i-epoxy resin isengakhuthazwa njengento ekahle yokulungisa nokuqiniswa kwamatshe. Manje, abathengisi abaningi bamatshe eYurophu baye bamukela izinto ze-epoxy kanye nezinqubo zokulungisa nokuqinisa izindawo ezinkulu zamatshe, futhi zingahlangabezana nezidingo zomzimba zezinto zokuqinisa kwezinye izindinganiso ezihlobene namatshe.