Enyanisweni, abantu baye bahlala bezama ukuhlola ezinye iindlela ezilungileyo kunye nezixhobo zokulungisa kunye nokwenza ezinye iziphene eziqhelekileyo zamatye ukuphucula umgangatho jikelele kunye nesiphumo samatye. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwimveliso enkulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamatye namhlanje, njengokuba abantu bafuna ubuhle.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, nokuba kubuhle bomntu okanye ukulungiswa kweziphene zamatye, azinakwahlulwa kwisizukulwana kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha obutsha kunye nezinto ezintsha.
Kuphela ngokuzisa endala kunye nokuvelisa entsha, kunye nokusebenzisa kwangexesha ezinye izixhobo zenzululwazi kunye nengqiqo entsha, isiphumo ukulungiswa amatye ukuba ugqibelele ngakumbi, kwaye esi siphumo ayinakuthintelwa ikhonkco umzi-mveliso, kodwa kwakhona kufuneka igcinwe kufakelo kunye nokusebenzisa amakhonkco ukwandisa izibonelelo ezibanzi.
Icandelo.1 Ukuwekisa
Ukuwekisa umphezulu webhodi yamatye yenye yezona zicelo zokuqala, elona xabiso liphantsi, kunye neyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yabanye abavelisi bamatye ukufumana iglosi engcono kunye neziphumo zomgangatho webhodi. Iyakwazi ukugquma iintanda ezintle kumphezulu webhodi kwaye inyuse iglosi kunye nombala welitye.
Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela kunye nezinto eziphathekayo azikwazi ukusombulula ingxaki, kwaye umphumo awuhlali ixesha elide.
Ukuba ibhodi ene-wax isetyenziswe ngaphandle, iya kubonisa ukubonakala kwayo kwasekuqaleni ngexesha elifutshane. Ukongeza, ilitye eline-wax aliphefumli ngenxa yokuba i-wax ivala i-pores yelitye, ehlala ikhokelela kwizilonda zamatye kwaye yenza unyango lokukhusela amatye lube nzima. Iwax ikwafunxa uthuli, nto leyo eyenza ukuba umphezulu welitye elicociweyo usuleleke lula.
Inxalenye.2 Iireyisi ezingaxutywanga zisetyenziselwa ukulungiswa kwamatye kunye nokuphucula
Amanye amatye aneentanda zendalo kunye nemingxunya, eyenza umphumo webhodi uhlupheke kwaye isantya sokuphuka siphezulu ngexesha lokucubungula kunye nokufakwa, ngokukodwa kwilitye kunye nezinye iibhodi ezinkulu. Ke ngoko, abantu bazisa i-resin ezingafakwanga ekulungisweni kwamatye kunye nokuphucula.
Igama lenzululwazi le-resin engaxutywanga sithetha ngayo yi-resin ye-polyester engaxutywanga. Xa umgca we-polymer ikhompawundi eyenziwe yi-condensation ye-dibasic acid ehluthayo okanye engatshintshiyo kunye ne-dibasic ehluthayo okanye i-unsaturated diol ichithwa kwi-monomer (ngokuqhelekileyo i-styrene) ukuze ibe yinto yolwelo lwe-viscous, siyibiza ngokuba yi-resin ye-polyester engaxutywanga.
I-resin ye-polyester ye-unsaturated i-resin ye-thermosetting enokuthi iphiliswe kwi-polymer yenethiwekhi ye-molecular ephezulu phantsi kwesenzo sokushisa okanye i-initiator. Isetyenziselwa ukulungiswa kunye nokuphucula ilitye ngokusekelwe kule miba ilandelayo: isantya sokuqina ngokukhawuleza; i-viscosity ephantsi, kulula ukuyisebenzisa kunye nokusebenza; umbala okhanyayo, ukukhanya okulungileyo; ubunzima obuphezulu be-colloid, ukugulisa okulungileyo; ukulungiswa okulula, ixabiso eliphantsi.
I-1) I-resin engabonakaliyo yokulungiswa kwendawo yamatye
I-resin engabonakaliyo ihlanjululwe kwi-viscosity efanelekileyo, okanye ii-pigments ezifanelekileyo kunye ne-powder fillers zongezwa ukulungisa imingxuma kunye nokuqhekeka kwindawo yamatye. Ngeli xesha, siyibiza ngokuba yi-stone surface glue. Le glu engaphezulu isetyenziselwa ukulungisa iintanda kunye neziphene kumphezulu we-marble slabs ngexesha lokuveliswa kwefektri kunye nokuzalisa imingxuma kwi-travertine. Xa usebenzisa, yonke indawo yebhodi inokukhutshelwa ngeglu okanye ukulungiswa ngokuyinxenye ngokweziphene zebhodi, kwaye emva koko ibekwe ngokwemvelo ukuqinisa i-colloid kwaye emva koko iphuculwe okanye ishushu ngesixhobo ukwenza i-colloid iqine ngokukhawuleza kwaye igudiswe.
Ngokusekelwe kula manqaku angentla, abantu basebenzise i-resin engasebenziyo yokulungiswa kwamatye ixesha elide kwaye baye bafumana iziphumo ezanelisayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kwe-resin unsaturated ngokwayo, ineziphene ezithile zomzimba njengento yokulungisa ilitye: amandla angenayo abambelelayo e-colloid; ukuphakama okuphezulu kwe-colloid; izinga eliphezulu lokuncipha kwe-colloid; ukuxhathisa kakubi kumswakama kunye nobushushu.
Ukubonakaliswa okuthe ngqo kwilitye zezi: iintanda kwi-slab surface yelitye ezizaliswe kwaye ziboshwe ziya kuphuka xa ziphantsi kokunyanzeliswa; i-colloid esetyenziselwa ukuzaliswa iya kuncipha emva kokuhlanganiswa nokugaya; i-colloid kunye ne-stone joint iya kuncipha kwaye iqhekeke. Ke ngoko, abantu bayaqhubeka nokuphonononga ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezithile ze-resin kunye nokusebenza okugqibeleleyo kokulungiswa kwamatye.
2) I-resin engapheliyo yokuqiniswa kwamatye
Amanye amatye atyebileyo natyebileyo (ikakhulukazi imarble), ingakumbi iipleyiti ezinobungakanani obukhulu, aqheleke ukuqhekeka kunye nomonakalo ngexesha lokucubungula, ukuthuthwa kunye nokufakwa, ngoko ke abantu basebenzisa i-resin engafakwanga ukuqiniswa kwamatye. Ukufaka iglu kunye ne-backing net kumqolo welitye yindlela eqhelekileyo esetyenziswa zezinye iifektri zamatye ukuthintela ilitye ukuba lingaqhekeki kwaye lonakaliswe. Xa usebenzisa, i-resin engabonakaliyo ifakwe kwi-viscosity efanelekileyo, kwaye emva koko isetyenziswe kumqolo wonke welitye, okanye i-fiber net ifakwe kuyo ukuze ifezekise injongo yokuqiniswa kunye nenkxaso. Ngeli xesha, siphinda siyibize le resin engafakwanga njengeglu exhasa ilitye.
Ezinye izinto ezingalunganga zeresin engafakwanga ziyenza ibe neengxaki njengeglu exhasa ilitye:
Le glu exhasayo isetyenziswe kuphela phezu kwelitye ngaphandle kwempembelelo yokungena, kwaye ayiyi kuqinisa isiseko samatye; kwakhona ayifanelekanga kunyango lwamatye athile aphantsi kunye namatye aqhekekileyo xa evelisa amacwecwe amancinci; i-adhesive layer ine-adhesion embi kwilitye, kwaye ipleyiti yonakaliswe emva kokuhluma; i-adhesive layer ine-adhesion embi kwilitye kunye nokunganyangeki kokufuma. Kwimeko yokubeka ilitye elimanzi, i-adhesive layer kufuneka ihlulwe, ngaphandle koko iya kubangela ukugotywa kwelitye.
Ukuhlalutya ngokucokisekileyo ezi ngxaki, akunzima ukubona ukuba iipleyiti eziphathwe ngolu hlobo lokuqiniswa zidlala indima ethile kuphela kwinqanaba lefektri. Ngethuba lokufakela, ukuba olu luhlu lweglue luqhawulwe, izinga lokuphuka kwamacwecwe lisephezulu kakhulu.
3) Iglu yemarble
Xa kuxoxwa resin unsaturated njenge a ukulungiswa kwamatye izinto eziphathekayo, asikwazi ukuyihoxisa i-marble glue, kuba le nto ixhaphakileyo yokulungisa ilitye kwimarike iphinda ilungiswe yi-resin unsaturated. Ukongeza kwiintsilelo ze-resin engaxutywanga, le glu ye-marble inomthamo omkhulu wezinto ezinyibilikayo kunye nezihluzi ezongeziweyo ngexesha lokulungiselela, kwaye ukungahambi kakuhle kwe-arhente yokunyanga kwenza idigri yokudibanisa kunye namandla okudibanisa abe mandundu. Eyona nto imbi kakhulu kukuba ikwasetyenziswa ngabanye abantu ukuhombisa iipendenti xa kufakwa iindonga zamakhethini amatye. Kakade ke, isizathu sokuba itsale abantu ukuba bayisebenzise ayisiyiyo kuphela elula ukuyisebenzisa, kodwa nexabiso eliphantsi.
Icandelo.3 I-epoxy resin esetyenziselwa ukulungiswa kwamatye kunye nokuqiniswa
Ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kwe-resin unsaturated, ineengxaki ezininzi njengento yokulungisa ilitye, ebangela ukuba abantu bajonge ezinye izinto zokwenza ukulungiswa kwamatye kunye nefuthe lokuqiniswa ngokugqibeleleyo. Ngophuculo oluqhubekayo lwe itekhnoloji yokuvelisa i-epoxy resin kunye nomgangatho, kunye nokuhlaziywa okuqhubekayo kwezinto zokunyanga, kuye kwaba yinto yenzululwazi kunye neyona nto ifanelekileyo yokulungisa amatye kunye nokomeleza.
I-epoxy resin ibhekisa kwikhompawundi yepolymer ephilayo equlathe amaqela amabini okanye ngaphezulu epoxy kwimolekyuli, edla ngokulungiswa ibe yintlaka engamanzi ukuze isetyenziswe. Ngenxa yokuba i-molecular structure iqulethe amaqela e-epoxy asebenzayo, banokusabela ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-agent ephilisayo ukwenza i-polymer ene-network-dimensional network structure. Isetyenziselwa ukulungiswa kwamatye kunye nokuqiniswa ngokusekelwe kule miba ilandelayo: iimpawu ezintle zomzimba, amandla okubambisana okuphezulu; ukushwabana okuphantsi kwe-colloid ephilisayo; ukulawulwa okukhulu kwexesha lokunyanga, kunokunyangwa kwiqondo lokushisa okanye ukushisa okuphezulu; ubunzima bemolekyuli obufanelekileyo, i-viscosity ehlengahlengiswayo, ukumanzisa okulungileyo kunye nokungena; ukushwabana okuphantsi xa icolloid iphilisiwe.
1) I-epoxy resin yokulungiswa kwendawo yamatye
Khetha i-epoxy resin efanelekileyo kunye ne-ejenti yokunyanga, okanye ungeze i-pigments kunye nezihluzi kwi-epoxy resin kwangaphambili, kwaye uzixube ngendlela ye-A kunye ne-B kumlinganiselo othile wokulungisa imingxuma kunye nokuqhekeka kumphezulu wamatye, ngoko inokubizwa ngokuba yiglue yelitye. Ngokuqhelekileyo, olu hlobo lweglue olungaphezulu lukwasetyenziselwa ukulungisa iintanda kumphezulu wegranite ngexesha lemveliso yefektri, ukulungisa iintanda kunye neziphene kumphezulu we-marble slabs, kunye nokuzalisa imingxuma kwi-travertine. Xa usebenzisa, yonke indawo yebhodi inokukhutshelwa ngeglu okanye ukulungiswa ngokuyinxenye ngokweziphene zebhodi, kwaye emva koko ibekwe ngokwemvelo ukuqinisa i-colloid kwaye emva koko iphuculwe okanye ishushu ngesixhobo ukwenza i-colloid iqine ngokukhawuleza kwaye igudiswe.
I-epoxy resin ineenzuzo ezininzi njengeglu kumphezulu wamatye kunentlaka engaxutywanga; inamandla okudibanisa okuphezulu kwaye inxalenye yokudibanisa ayilula ukuyiqhekeza; inokungena kakuhle kwaye inokungena kwiintanda ukwenza i-bonding; izinga le-colloid shrinkage liphantsi, kwaye i-glue surface ayiyi kucwila emva kokupolisha; inokulungisa iintanda ezincinci eziqhelekileyo kwigranite. I-epoxy resin ithatha indawo ye-resin engaxutywanga njengento yokulungisa ilitye kunye nokunyuka okunyukayo.
2) I-epoxy resin isetyenziselwa ukuqiniswa kwamatye
Ekubeni i-epoxy resin inamandla okudibanisa okulungileyo, ukunyanzeliswa kunye nokuxhathisa ukufuma, inokusetyenziswa njengeyona nto ifanelekileyo yokuqinisa ilitye lokukrazula ngasemva kwelitye ukuthintela ilitye ukuba liqhekeke kwaye liqhekeke. I-epoxy resin isetyenziswe njenge-stone backing glue, enezi zinzuzo ezilandelayo xa kuthelekiswa ne-unsaturated resin stone backing glue: i-colloid ine-permeability ethile kwaye inokungena kwiintanda zokudibanisa kunye nokulungiswa; i-colloid inamandla okudibanisa okugqwesileyo kunye nomgangatho wamatye, kwaye i-glue layer kunye ne-backing net ayiyi kukhupha; ngenxa yokuba amandla okudibanisa phakathi komgangatho weglue kunye nebhodi ephezulu, i-glue exhasayo kunye nenetha yokuxhasa ayifuni ukukrazulwa ngexesha lokuhamba, kwaye izinga lokuphuka kwebhodi liyancipha.
Nangona kunjalo, nangona i-epoxy resin ineenzuzo ezininzi njengento yokulungisa ilitye, isenayo impazamo ethile: ixesha lokunyanga i-colloid lide; umlinganiselo weqela le-AB ungqongqo; izixhobo zokomisa ezikhoyo kufuneka zitshintshwe ngexesha lokusebenza komgca wendibano, kuba ezininzi zeendlela zokulungisa iglue zangaphambili zenzelwe ngokwe-resin unsaturated; iindleko zokusetyenziswa ziphezulu kune-resin engaxutywanga. Ukuphendula kwezi ngxaki, abavelisi bethu bezinto eziphathekayo baphonononga ngenkuthalo ukusombulula ezinye izinto eziphikisanayo phakathi kwexesha lokunyanga kunye nesiphumo sokusetyenziswa kwe-epoxy resin. Ezinye iifektri zikwatshintshile izixhobo zazo ukuze zilungele usetyenziso olukhulu lwe-epoxy resin.
Ngaphandle koku, i-epoxy resin isenokuthi iphakanyiswe njengeyona nto ifanelekileyo yokulungisa amatye kunye nezinto zokuqinisa. Ngoku, abaninzi abathengisi bamatye eYurophu baye bamkela izinto ze-epoxy kunye neenkqubo zokulungisa kunye nokuqinisa iindawo ezinkulu zamatye, kwaye inokuhlangabezana neemfuno eziphathekayo zezinto zokuqinisa kwimigangatho ethile enxulumene namatye.