A gaskiya ma, mutane sun kasance suna ƙoƙari su binciko wasu hanyoyi masu kyau da kayan aiki don gyarawa da kuma gyara wasu lahani na yau da kullum na dutse don inganta ingancin gaba ɗaya da tasirin dutse. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman a cikin manyan samarwa da aikace-aikacen dutse a yau, kamar yadda mutane ke neman kyakkyawa.
Tabbas, ko dai adon ɗan adam ne, ko gyaran lahani na dutse, ba ya rabuwa da ƙirƙira da aiwatar da wasu sabbin fasahohi da sabbin kayayyaki.
Sai kawai ta hanyar fitar da tsofaffi da kuma fitar da sababbin, da kuma lokacin amfani da wasu sababbin kayan kimiyya da ma'ana, tasirin gyaran dutse zai iya zama mafi kyau, kuma wannan tasirin ba zai iya iyakance ga haɗin ginin masana'anta ba, amma kuma dole ne a kiyaye shi a cikin shigarwa da kuma amfani da hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa don ƙara yawan fa'idodi.
Part.1 Kaki
Ƙarƙashin dutsen dutse yana ɗaya daga cikin aikace-aikacen farko, farashi mafi ƙasƙanci, da kuma hanyar da aka fi amfani da ita don wasu masana'antun dutse don samun mafi kyawun kyalkyali da tasirin saman allo. Zai iya rufe wasu tsage-tsalle masu kyau a saman allo kuma ya ƙara haske da launi na dutse.
Duk da haka, wannan hanya da kayan ba za su iya magance matsalar ta asali ba, kuma tasirin ba shi da tsayi.
Idan an yi amfani da allon da aka yi da kakin zuma a waje, zai fallasa ainihin bayyanarsa cikin kankanin lokaci. Bugu da kari, dutsen da aka yi da kakin zuma ba ya numfashi saboda kakin da ke toshe ramukan dutsen, wanda yakan haifar da raunukan duwatsu da kuma sa maganin kariyar dutse da wahala. Kakin zuma kuma yana jan ƙura, yana sa saman dutsen da aka yi masa magani ya gurɓata cikin sauƙi.
Sashe na 2 Ana amfani da resins mara kyau don gyaran dutse da haɓakawa
Wasu duwatsun suna da tsage-tsage da ramuka, wanda hakan ya sa tasirin allon ya yi rauni kuma adadin karyewar ya yi yawa yayin sarrafawa da sanyawa, musamman na dutse da wasu manyan alluna masu girman gaske. Saboda haka, mutane suna gabatar da resins marasa ƙarfi a cikin gyaran dutse da haɓakawa.
Sunan kimiyya na resin unsaturated da muke magana akai shine resin polyester unsaturated. Lokacin da fili mai linzamin polymer da aka samar ta hanyar narkar da cikakken ko unsaturated dibasic acid da cikakken ko unsaturated diol yana narkar da shi a cikin monomer (yawanci styrene) ya zama ruwa mai danko, mukan kira shi unsaturated polyester resin.
Guzurin polyester mara daɗaɗɗen guduro ne na thermosetting wanda za'a iya warkewa cikin babban polymer cibiyar sadarwa ta ƙwayoyin cuta ƙarƙashin aikin zafi ko mai ƙaddamarwa. Ana amfani dashi a cikin gyaran gyare-gyare da haɓakar dutse bisa ga abubuwan da suka biyo baya: saurin ƙarfafawa mai sauri; ƙananan danko, mai sauƙin amfani da aiki; launi mai haske, mai kyau nuna gaskiya; high colloid taurin, mai kyau polishing; shiri mai sauƙi, ƙananan farashi.
1) Guduro mara nauyi don gyaran saman dutse
An diluted resin unsaturated zuwa danko da ya dace, ko kuma an haɗa pigments masu dacewa da foda don gyara ramuka da fasa a saman dutse. A wannan lokacin, muna kiran shi dutsen manne. An fi amfani da wannan mannen saman don gyara tsage-tsage da lahani a saman katakon marmara a lokacin samar da masana'anta da kuma cike ramukan travertine. Lokacin da ake amfani da shi, ana iya goge saman allo gaba ɗaya da manne ko a gyara wani ɗan lokaci gwargwadon lahani na allo, sannan a sanya shi ta hanyar halitta don ƙarfafa colloid ɗin sannan a goge ko dumama ta na'ura don sanya colloid ɗin ya yi ƙarfi da sauri sannan a goge.
Dangane da abubuwan da ke sama, mutane sun yi amfani da resin unsaturated don gyaran dutse na dogon lokaci kuma sun sami sakamako mai gamsarwa. Duk da haka, saboda gazawar resin unsaturated kanta, yana da wasu gazawar jiki azaman kayan gyaran dutse: ƙarancin mannewa na colloid; high brittleness na colloid; high shrinkage kudi na colloid; rashin juriya ga danshi da zafi.
Ƙayyadaddun abubuwan da ke bayyana a kan dutse su ne: tsagewar da ke kan dutsen dutsen da aka cika da kuma ɗaure zai karya lokacin da aka yi masa karfi; colloid da ake amfani da shi don cikawa zai ragu bayan ƙarfafawa da niƙa; colloid da haɗin gwiwar dutse za su raguwa kuma su tsage. Sabili da haka, mutane suna ci gaba da bincika amfani da wasu kayan resin tare da mafi kyawun aiki don gyaran dutse.
2) Gudun mara kyau don ƙarfafa dutse
Wasu duwatsun da ke da fashe-fashe da sak-sake (wanda aka fi sani da marmara), musamman manyan faranti, suna saurin karyewa da lalacewa a lokacin sarrafawa, sufuri da sakawa, don haka mutane kuma suna amfani da resin da bai dace ba don ƙarfafa dutse. Aiwatar da manne da tarun baya a bayan dutse, hanya ce ta gama gari da wasu masana'antun dutse ke amfani da su don hana tsakuwa da lalacewa. Lokacin amfani da resin unsaturated an tsara shi a cikin danko mai dacewa, sa'an nan kuma a yi amfani da shi a duk bayan dutsen, ko kuma an lika shi da wani Layer na fiber net don cimma manufar ƙarfafawa da tallafi. A wannan lokacin, muna kuma kiran wannan resin da ba shi da tushe a matsayin manne mai goyan bayan dutse.
Wasu rashin amfani na resin unsaturated suma suna sa ya sami wasu matsaloli kamar manne goyan bayan dutse:
Ana amfani da wannan manne na goyan baya a saman dutsen ba tare da tasirin shiga ba, kuma ba zai ƙarfafa ainihin dutsen ba; Har ila yau, bai dace da maganin wasu ƙananan ƙarfi da sauƙi masu fashewa ba yayin samar da faranti na bakin ciki; Layer na manne yana da ƙarancin mannewa ga dutse, kuma farantin ya lalace bayan kwasfa; Layer m yana da ƙarancin mannewa ga dutse da ƙarancin juriya na danshi. Game da shimfidar dutse mai jika, dole ne a yayyage Layer na manne, in ba haka ba zai haifar da rami na dutse.
Yin nazarin waɗannan matsalolin gaba ɗaya, ba shi da wahala a ga cewa faranti da aka bi da su tare da wannan kayan ƙarfafa kawai suna taka rawa a matakin masana'anta. A lokacin shigarwa, idan wannan Layer na manne ya yage, adadin raguwa na faranti yana da yawa sosai.
3) marmara manne
Lokacin magana game da guduro mara nauyi azaman a gyaran dutse abu, ba za mu iya watsi da marmara manne, saboda wannan na kowa dutse gyara kayan a kasuwa kuma an shirya ta unsaturated guduro. Baya ga gazawar resin unsaturated, wannan marmara manne yana da babban adadin kaushi da fillers da aka kara a lokacin shiri, da kuma bazuwar na curing wakili ƙari ya sa ta ƙarfafa digiri da bonding ƙarfi muni. Abin da ya fi muni shi ne cewa wasu mutane suna amfani da shi don ɗora pendants lokacin daɗa bangon labulen dutse. Tabbas, dalilin da yasa ya jawo hankalin mutane don amfani da shi ba kawai dace don amfani ba, amma har ma da arha.
Part.3 Epoxy resin da aka yi amfani da shi wajen gyaran dutse da ƙarfafawa
Bisa la'akari da gazawar resin unsaturated, yana da matsaloli da yawa a matsayin kayan gyaran dutse, wanda ke sa mutane su nemi wasu kayan don yin aikin gyaran dutse da ƙarfafawa mafi kyau. Tare da ci gaba da ingantawa na fasahar samar da guduro epoxy da inganci, da ci gaba da haɓaka kayan aikin warkewa, ya zama ingantaccen kimiyya da ingantaccen abu don gyaran dutse da ƙarfafawa.
Epoxy resin yana nufin wani fili na polymer mai ɗauke da rukunin epoxy biyu ko fiye a cikin kwayoyin halitta, wanda galibi ana sarrafa shi zuwa guduro ruwa don amfani. Saboda tsarin kwayoyin halitta ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin epoxy masu aiki, za su iya amsawa da nau'ikan nau'ikan magunguna daban-daban don samar da polymer mai tsarin cibiyar sadarwa mai girma uku. Ana amfani da shi a cikin gyaran dutse da ƙarfafawa bisa ga abubuwan da suka biyo baya: kyawawan kayan jiki, ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa; in mun gwada da low colloid curing shrinkage; babban iko na lokacin warkewa, za'a iya warkewa a dakin da zafin jiki ko zazzabi mai girma; nauyin kwayoyin da ya dace, daidaitacce danko, mai kyau wettability da permeability; ƙananan raguwa lokacin da colloid ya warke.
1) Epoxy guduro don gyaran saman dutse
Zabi guduro epoxy da ya dace da wakili mai warkarwa, ko ƙara pigments da filler zuwa ga resin epoxy a gaba, sannan a haɗa su a cikin nau'i na nau'ikan A da B a wani yanki na gyara ramuka da tsaga akan saman dutse, don haka ana iya kiran shi manne dutse. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da irin wannan nau'in mannen saman saman don gyara tsagewar saman granite a lokacin samar da masana'anta, gyara tsagewa da lahani a saman katakon marmara, da kuma cike ramukan travertine. Lokacin da ake amfani da shi, ana iya goge saman allo gaba ɗaya da manne ko a gyara wani ɗan lokaci gwargwadon lahani na allo, sannan a sanya shi ta hanyar halitta don ƙarfafa colloid ɗin sannan a goge ko dumama ta na'ura don sanya colloid ɗin ya yi ƙarfi da sauri sannan a goge.
Resin Epoxy yana da ƙarin fa'idodi azaman manne saman dutse fiye da guduro mara kyau; yana da babban ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa kuma sashin haɗin gwiwa ba shi da sauƙin fashe; yana da kyawawa mai kyau kuma yana iya shiga cikin tsagewar don gyara haɗin gwiwa; Ƙunƙarar ƙwayar colloid yana da ƙasa, kuma manne surface ba zai nutse ba bayan gogewa; zai iya gyara ƙananan ƙananan fasa na kowa akan granite. Resin Epoxy yana maye gurbin guduro mara nauyi azaman kayan gyaran dutse tare da haɓaka haɓaka.
2) Ana amfani da resin Epoxy don ƙarfafa dutse
Tunda resin epoxy yana da ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa mai kyau, haɓakawa da juriya da danshi, Hakanan ana iya amfani dashi azaman ingantaccen kayan ƙarfafa dutse don gogewa a bayan dutsen don hana dutsen daga karyewa. Ana amfani da resin Epoxy azaman manne na goyan bayan dutse, wanda yana da fa'idodi masu zuwa idan aka kwatanta da manne mai goyan bayan dutsen da ba shi da tushe: colloid yana da ƙayyadaddun lalacewa kuma yana iya shigar da fasa don haɗawa da gyarawa; colloid yana da kyakkyawan ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa tare da dutsen dutse, kuma manne Layer da gidan baya ba za su bace ba; saboda ƙarfin haɗin da ke tsakanin manne da allo yana da yawa, mannen baya da kuma gidan bayan gida ba sa buƙatar yayyage lokacin shimfidawa, kuma raguwar raguwar allon ya ragu sosai.
Duk da haka, kodayake resin epoxy yana da fa'idodi da yawa a matsayin kayan gyaran dutse, har yanzu yana da wasu gazawa: lokacin warkewar colloid yana da tsayi; rabon ƙungiyar AB yana da ɗan tsauri; kayan aikin bushewa da ake da su suna buƙatar gyara yayin aikin layin taro, saboda yawancin layukan gyaran manne na farko an tsara su bisa ga resin da ba shi da tushe; farashin amfani ya fi na resin unsaturated. Dangane da waɗannan matsalolin, masana'antun kayan mu suma suna bincike sosai don magance wasu saɓani tsakanin lokacin warkewa da tasirin aikace-aikacen resin epoxy. Wasu masana'antu kuma sun canza kayan aikin su don dacewa da babban aikace-aikacen resin epoxy.
Duk da wannan, ana iya haɓaka resin epoxy a matsayin ingantaccen kayan gyaran dutse da kayan ƙarfafawa. Yanzu, yawancin dillalan dutse a Turai sun karɓi kayan aikin epoxy da matakai don gyarawa da ƙarfafa manyan wuraren dutse, kuma yana iya saduwa da buƙatun jiki don kayan ƙarfafawa a cikin wasu ƙa'idodi masu alaƙa da dutse.